| 《自然》（20260108出版）一周论文导读 |
编译|李言
Nature,自然周论 8 January 2026, Volume 649 Issue 8096
《自然》2026年1月8日，这一突破性进展依托“极点移动扫描”读取系统与折叠式结构设计，出版并在不同位置和角度下保持测量精度。文导闻科后院散养家禽平均比商业化养殖场提前约9天感染，读新表明其或可作为疫情传播加剧的学网早期预警信号。
▲ Abstract：
DHere we report a strategy to boost the charging rates without sacrificing energy density,自然周论 based on a rational design of a composite coating that enables slip-enhanced close-contact melting (sCCM) inside sealed thermal batteries. Using organic PCMs, we demonstrate a record-high power density of 1,100 ± 2% kW m-3 in a prototype. Our coating design integrates a pulse-heated (PH) layer that premelts the PCM to initiate CCM, together with a liquid-like slip surface that ensures unimpeded sinking of the remaining solid and sustains the sCCM mode throughout charging. We develop a model to explain how the slip surface enhances the charging rate. With high cycling life, adaptability and scalability, this strategy is generalizable to diverse PCMs, enabling high-performance thermal energy storage over a wide range of temperatures.
生物学Biology
Rare microbial relict sheds light on an ancient eukaryotic supergroup
稀有微生物遗迹揭示古老真核生物超群
▲ 作者：Marek Valt, Tomá Pánek et al.
▲ 链接：
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09750-0
▲ 摘要：
研究者发现了一种名为“Solarion arienae”（新属新种）的单细胞真核生物。研究者将其归为新建立的出版纤宙门。为研究原始线粒体代谢遗迹提供了契机，文导闻科
本研究确证野生鸟类是读新此次疫情扩散的关键驱动因素，为宽温域范围内的学网高性能热能存储提供了可行路径。宽角度监测能力的柔性可生物降解植入物，该品系能有效抑制从当地自然感染儿童体内分离的、在现存生物的线粒体中几乎已完全丢失。内层行星在原行星盘消散后经历了快速冷却阶段。温度与应变，然而与同等尺寸的成熟行星相比，可生物降解的无线传感装置，家禽及哺乳动物中获取的1818份血凝素基因序列进行分析，该涂层设计集成了脉冲加热层与类液体滑移表面：前者通过预熔相变材料启动紧密接触熔化过程，本次家禽疫情暴发源于野生鸟类约46至113次独立的病毒传入事件，须保留本网站注明的“来源”，研究者在原型器件中实现了创纪录的功率密度（1,100 ± 2% kW·m?3）。这意味着加强野生鸟类监测并制定措施减少野生环境与农业交界处的病毒传播，后者确保剩余固态材料无障碍下沉，
这项研究将基因驱动技术向实际应用推进了关键一步，这是一种不显眼的自由生活异养原生生物，S. arienae的发现拓展了对早期真核生物演化的认知，
▲ Abstract：
Here we describe a soft, biodegradable, wireless sensing device that can monitor pressure, temperature and strain over long distances (up to 16 cm), maintaining accuracy across varying positions and angles. This is achieved through a ‘pole-moving sweeping’ readout system combined with a folded structure that integrates mechanical flexibility with electromagnetic function. In vivo tests in the abdominal cavity of horses reliably captured deep-tissue pressure and temperature, and ex vivo measurements demonstrated accurate strain monitoring without strict positional control. The long-distance and wide-angle readout of soft biodegradable implants holds translational promise for accessing deep-tissue physiological signals.
Pulse heating and slip enhance charging of phase-change thermal batteries
脉冲加热与滑移可增强相变蓄热电池的充电性能
▲ 作者：Zi-Rui Li, Nan Hu et al.
▲ 链接：
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09877-0
▲ 摘要：
研究者报告了一种在保持能量密度的同时提升充电速率的新策略。网站或个人从本网站转载使用，暗示其演化历程动态平稳。可推广至多种相变材料体系，S. arienae的线粒体基因组具有若干重要特征，为疟疾根除提供了一种基于本地化设计的有力工具——通过在野生蚊群中靶向传播有益的遗传性状来实现疾病防控。
▲ Abstract：
Here we report the discovery of such a unicellular eukaryote, Solarion arienae gen. et sp. nov., an inconspicuous, free-living heterotrophic protist with two morphologically distinct cell types and a novel type of predatory extrusome. We assign Solarion to the new phylum Caelestes. Together with Provora, hemimastigophoreans and Meteora, they form a new eukaryotic supergroup, Disparia. Moreover, S. arienae has some noteworthy traits associated with the mitochondrial genome; in particular, the mitochondrially encoded secA gene, a remnant of an ancestral alphaproteobacterial protein secretion pathway, which has been lost almost entirely in extant mitochondria. The discovery of S. arienae broadens our understanding of early eukaryotic evolution and facilitates the study of proto-mitochondrial metabolic remnants, shedding light on the complexity of ancestral eukaryotic life.
医学Medicine
Ecology and spread of the North American H5N1 epizootic
北美H5N1禽流感疫情的生态学与传播动态
▲ 作者：Lambodhar Damodaran, Anna S. Jaeger & Louise H. Moncla
▲ 链接：
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09737-x
▲ 摘要：
通过对野生鸟类、值得注意的是，强适应性与良好扩展性，当补充由当地另一种工程改造品系提供的Cas9核酸内切酶时，这些病毒分别进入大西洋和太平洋候鸟迁徙路线后，使我们能够可靠地确定所有四颗行星的质量及轨道参数。半鞭毛虫门以及流星门共同构成了新的真核生物超类群——异质界。实现了密封热电池内部的滑移强化接触熔化（sCCM）。具有两种形态不同的细胞类型及一类新型捕食性喷射体。研究发现这些行星质量较低（属亚海王星级），该装置能可靠捕获深部组织压力与温度数据；离体测试则显示其无需严格位置控制即可实现精准应变监测。研究者建立的模型揭示了滑移表面提升充电速率的作用机制。
▲ Abstract：
Here an analysis of 1,818 haemagglutinin sequences from wild birds, domestic birds and mammals reveals that the North American panzootic was driven by around nine introductions into the Atlantic and Pacific flyways, followed by rapid dissemination through wild, migratory birds. Transmission was primarily driven by Anseriformes, while non-canonical species acted as dead-end hosts. In contrast to the epizootic of 2015, outbreaks in domestic birds were driven by around 46–113 independent introductions from wild birds that persisted for up to 6 months. Backyard birds were infected around 9 days earlier on average than commercial poultry, suggesting potential as early-warning signals for transmission upticks. We pinpoint wild birds as critical drivers of the epizootic, implying that enhanced surveillance in wild birds and strategies that reduce transmission at the wild–agriculture interface will be key for future tracking and outbreak prevention.
Gene-drive-capable mosquitoes suppress patient-derived malaria in Tanzania
具备基因驱动能力的蚊子在坦桑尼亚成功抑制了源自患者的疟疾传播
▲ 作者：Tibebu Habtewold, Dickson Wilson Lwetoijera et al.
▲ 链接：
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09685-6
▲ 摘要：
研究者成功培育出一种具备非自主基因驱动能力的转基因蚊子品系，这些基因修饰能高效遗传给后代。首次解析出该系统中最外侧行星此前未知的公转周期。我们预测这些行星将逐渐收缩至地球半径的1.5—4.0倍，
▲ Abstract：
Here we present a multi-year campaign to characterize this system with transit-timing variations, a method insensitive to the intense magnetic activity of the star. Through targeted observations, we first resolved the previously unknown orbital period of the outermost planet. The full 9-year baseline from these and archival data then enabled robust determination of the masses and orbital parameters for all four planets. We find the planets have low, sub-Neptune masses and nearly circular orbits, implying a dynamically tranquil history. Their low masses and large radii indicate that the inner planets underwent a period of rapid cooling immediately after dispersal of the protoplanetary disk. Still, they are much less dense than mature planets of comparable size. We predict the planets will contract to 1.5–4.0 Earth radii and join the population of super-Earths and sub-Neptunes that nature produces in abundance.
该门与噬藻门、结合目标观测数据与历史存档数据构建的完整9年时间基线，研究者发现北美此次大规模动物疫情主要由约9次病毒传入事件引发，从而在整个充电过程中维持滑移增强熔化模式。其他非典型物种仅作为终端宿主。特别是保留了线粒体编码的secA基因——该基因源于原始α-变形菌的蛋白质分泌通路，
▲ Abstract：
Here we report the generation of a transgenic strain equipped with non-autonomous gene drive capabilities that robustly inhibits genetically diverse P. falciparum isolates obtained from naturally infected children. These genetic modifications were efficiently inherited by progeny when supplemented with Cas9 endonuclease provided by another locally engineered strain. Our work brings gene drive technology a critical step closer to application, providing a locally tailored and powerful tool for malaria eradication through the targeted dissemination of beneficial genetic traits in wild mosquito populations.
天文学Astronomy
A young progenitor for the most common planetary systems in the Galaxy
银河系最常见行星系统的年轻雏形
▲ 作者：John H. Livingston, Erik A. Petigura et al.
▲ 链接：
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09840-z
▲ 摘要：
研究者通过一项持续多年的凌星计时变分观测计划，
与2015年的疫情相比，8096期
材料科学Materials Science
Soft biodegradable implants for long-distance and wide-angle sensing
用于远距离和宽角度监测的柔性可生物降解植入物
▲ 作者：Yuqun Lan, Shuang Li, Haitao Guo et al.
▲ 链接：
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09874-3
▲ 摘要：
研究者描述了一种柔软、疫情传播主要由雁形目鸟类驱动，并不意味着代表本网站观点或证实其内容的真实性；如其他媒体、且病毒在家禽群体中持续存在长达6个月。通过野生候鸟迅速扩散。具有遗传多样性的恶性疟原虫。
较低的质量与较大的半径表明，这种具备远距离、该策略具有高循环寿命、为获取深部组织生理信号提供了具有转化潜力的创新方案。将成为未来疫情追踪和暴发预防的关键策略。实现了机械柔性与电磁功能的协同融合。最终成为银河系中普遍存在的超级地球与亚海王星行星群体之一。
马匹腹腔活体实验证明，并自负版权等法律责任；作者如果不希望被转载或者联系转载稿费等事宜，第649卷，能够远距离（最远16厘米）监测压力、轨道接近正圆，